Imperialism

Main Idea: Britain gradually attains control over India, establishing the Raj. British rule gives rise to nationalist feelings and to resistance movements.

IV. British Imperialism in India

A. East India Co. Seizes control of most of India, 1757

1. Economic interest began 1600s; Mughal dynasty weakened, collapsing by 1707

2. Leading power in India; direct & indirect rule; little British gov't interference

a Sepoy: Indian soldiers serving the Crown

b "Jewel in the Crown": most valuable of all colonies; primary

3. India benefits and suffers under British colonial rule

B. Indians Rebel

1. Racist attitudes: Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny, 1857

a Lack of unity and leadership-defeat

2. British take direct control of India, 1858

a Raj: British rule over India 1757-1947

i 11 provinces & 250 districts; few British officials; cabinet minister in London directed policy & a British governor-general in India carried out orders (viceroy)

b distrust between British & Indians

C. Nationalist Movement (1800s)

1. Demand greater role in gov't

2. Modernization & Westernization

a Ram Mohun Roy: "Father of Modern India" spoke out against social injustices

3. Nationalist groups: specific concerns-self government

a Indian National Congress, 1885

b Muslim league, 1906

c Public outcry forces Britain to redraw its partition of Bengal