Main Idea: Absolute monarchs in England were overthrown,
and Parliament gained power.
A.
Monarchs v. Parliament
1.
clash over money & power
2.
Charles I: dissolved Parliament when it opposed him
a
Forced to sign Petition of Rights
i
No false imprisonment
ii
No levying taxes w/o Parliament consent
iii
No housing troops in private homes
iv
No martial law in peacetime
B.
English Civil War
1.
Parliament recalled but clash continues
2.
War breaks out
a
Supporters of Charles I: Royalists/Cavaliers
b
Opponents: Puritan supporters of Parliament; Roundheads;
led by Cromwell
3.
Charles brought to trial; treason; public execution
C.
Oliver Cromwell: Puritan
1.
rules as military dictator
1.
Parliament selected; asks Charles II to rule
2.
habeas corpus: law; prisoner required to be brought before
a judge/court for imprisonment
1.
bloodless overthrow of James II by William & Mary of
Orange (his daughter)
2.
Goal: return England to Protestantism
3.
Parliament drafts Bill of Rights: limited royal power
a
No suspending laws of Parliament (P)
b
No levying taxes w/o P’s consent
c
No interfering w/ freedom of speech in P
d
No penalty for citizen who petitions the king about
grievances
4.
Cabinet: kink between Parliament & monarchy; center of
power