Main Idea: In the mid-1500s, scientists began to question
accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation.
A.
Roots
1.
Medieval view: geocentric theory: Aristotle, Ptolemy
2.
Exploration & new discoveries challenge old ways of
thinking
a
Scientific Revolution: based on observations &
questioning accepted beliefs
b
Need to research
B.
Astronomy
1.
heliocentric theory: sun-centered
a
Copernicus—25 year study; theory
b
Tycho Brahe—recorded planetary movements
c
Johannes Kepler—use math to prove theory
2.
Galileo—law of the pendulum; telescope, Starry Messenger
C.
Scientific Method: logical procedure for gathering &
testing ideas
1.
observation—questioning—hypothesize—test—analyze &
interpret
2.
Francis Bacon—empiricism; urged scientists to draw
conclusions about the world based on own observations
3.
René Descartes—believes everything should be doubted until
it can be proved by reason
1.
explains how the same physical laws govern motion on the
earth and in the heavens
2.
every object in the universe attracts every other object
1.
observation & scientific method important in many
fields
2.
Scientific instruments: microscope; mercury barometer
3.
Medicine: dissentions; vaccines
4.
Chemistry: Boyles law—explains how volume, temperature,
& pressure affect each other