Main Idea: Division of Palestine after World War II made
the Middle East a hotbed of competing nationalist movements.
A.
Palestine & Israel
1.
Background: 3,000 yr. Conflict over homeland
2.
Balfour Declaration: British promises to Jews & Arabs;
could not work, asks for partition of country
3.
Nazi persecution of Jews spurs immigration to Palestine
4.
Israel Statehood: 5.14.1948
a
Jerusalem – International city
B.
Israel & Arab States in Conflict
1.
New nation greeted with hostility: 4 full scale wars
2.
Proclamation of State—invaded by Egypt, Iraq, Jordan,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, & Syria; lasted few months: Israel victory with US
support
3.
1956 Suez Crisis—Gamal Abdel Nasser: Israel & European
support defeated Egypt, withdrew due to US/Soviet pressure, Egypt maintained
control of canal
4.
1967 Six-Day War—Nasser closed off Gulf of Aqaba, Israel
attacks three fronts, occupies Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, West Bank;
Palestinian become stateless
5.
1973 War—Anwar Sadat (Egypt) planned attack on Yom Kippur
(holiest of Jewish holidays); Golda Meir (Israel PM) agrees to truce after
heavy fighting
C.
Trade: Land for Peace
1.
1978: Camp David Accords Jimmy Carter—Anwar Sadat—Menachem
Begin
a
Egypt recognizes state of Israel
b
Israel recognizes rights of Palestinians, return lands
c
Sadat assassinated
D.
Palestinian Demand Independence
1.
Israelis build settlements on West Bank & Gaza Strip
2.
Intifada (“uprising”)—Palestinian Liberation Organization
(PLO)-Yassir Arafat: Palestinians use civil disobedience to resist Israeli rule
a
Demonstrations, boycotts, attacks on Israeli soldiers
3.
Declaration of Principles: 1993, Oslo, Norway
a
Palestinian self-rule in Gaza Strip & West Bank
b
Rabin assassinated
c
Netanyahu (though against plan) made efforts
4.
1997: Madeleine Albright (US) works to make peace